![]() Omission of insulin is the most common precipitant of DKA. 1 The direct and indirect annual cost of DKA hospitalizations is 2.4 billion US dollars. In 2009, there were 140,000 hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with an average length of stay of 3.4 days. This review aims to provide a brief overview of DKA from its pathophysiology to clinical presentation with in depth focus on up-to-date therapeutic management. DKA prevention strategies including patient and provider education are important. During the DKA therapy, complications may arise and appropriate strategies to prevent these complications are required. In addition, awareness of special populations such as patients with renal disease presenting with DKA is important. Elements of management include making the appropriate diagnosis using current laboratory tools and clinical criteria and coordinating fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, and electrolyte replacement through feedback obtained from timely patient monitoring and knowledge of resolution criteria. Due to its increasing incidence and economic impact related to the treatment and associated morbidity, effective management and prevention is key. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a rare yet potentially fatal hyperglycemic crisis that can occur in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. ![]()
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June 2023
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